Ryan's Retina 7th Edicion 2023
شبکیه چشم رایان ویرایش 7

اطلاعاتی از کتاب چشم رایان 2023

از طریق شش نسخه برجسته و برنده جوایز، Ryan’s Retina پوشش بی‌نظیری از این تخصص فرعی پیچیده را ارائه کرده است - همه چیز از علوم پایه تا آخرین تحقیقات، درمان، فناوری و تکنیک‌های جراحی. نسخه هفتم کاملاً اصلاح شده، ویرایش شده توسط Dr. SriniVas R. Sadda، Andrew P. Schachat، Charles P. Wilkinson، David R. Hinton، Peter Wiedemann، K. Bailey Freund و David Sarraf، سنت برتری را ادامه می دهد، آخرین تحقیقات علمی و همبستگی های بالینی را متعادل می کند و همه چیز را پوشش می دهد. نیاز به دانستن در مورد تشخیص شبکیه، درمان، رشد، ساختار، عملکرد و پاتوفیزیولوژی. بیش از 300 مشارکت کننده جهانی دانش و تخصص خود را برای ایجاد جامع ترین مرجع موجود در شبکیه امروزی به اشتراک می گذارند.

     دارای به‌روزرسانی‌های جامع، از جمله بینش‌های جدید در مورد مکانیسم‌های بیماری‌زای اساسی دژنراسیون ماکولا مرتبط با سن، پیشرفت در تصویربرداری از جمله آنژیوگرافی OCT و OCT حین عمل، درمان‌های جدید برای بیماری عروقی شبکیه و AMD، درمان‌های مبتنی بر ایمنی جدید برای یووئیت، و آخرین در ابزار دقیق و تکنیک های جراحی شبکیه چشم.

     شامل پنج فصل جدید است که هوش مصنوعی و تجزیه و تحلیل تصویربرداری پیشرفته، بیماری پاکی کوروئید و ارتباط آن با واسکولوپاتی مشیمیه پلیپوئیدال، تظاهرات نورودژنراسیون شبکیه، میکروبیوم و بیماری شبکیه، و OCT-آنژیوگرافی را پوشش می دهد.

     شامل بیش از 50 کلیپ ویدیویی (35 کلیپ جدید در این نسخه) که جدیدترین تکنیک های جراحی، راهنمایی تصویربرداری و پوشش عوارض جراحی شبکیه را برجسته می کند. ویدئوهای جدید شامل Inlay Scleral برای ماسکولوپاتی عود کننده حفره عصب بینایی، تروما با لنز تماسی، جداشدگی مکرر شبکیه به دلیل PVR، هیالوز سیارکی، و بسیاری موارد دیگر است.

     شامل بیش از 2000 تصویر با کیفیت بالا (700 تصویر جدید برای این نسخه) از جمله تصاویر آناتومیک، عکس های بالینی و جراحی، تصویربرداری تشخیصی، درختان تصمیم گیری و نمودارها.

Ryan's Retina

Through six outstanding and award-winning editions, Ryan's Retina has offered unsurpassed coverage of this complex subspecialty-everything from basic science through the latest research, therapeutics, technology, and surgical techniques. The fully revised 7th Edition, edited by Drs. SriniVas R. Sadda, Andrew P. Schachat, Charles P. Wilkinson, David R. Hinton, Peter Wiedemann, K. Bailey Freund, and David Sarraf, continues the tradition of excellence, balancing the latest scientific research and clinical correlations and covering everything you need to know on retinal diagnosis, treatment, development, structure, function, and pathophysiology. More than 300 global contributors share their knowledge and expertise to create the most comprehensive reference available on retina today.

Features sweeping content updates, including new insights into the fundamental pathogenic mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration, advances in imaging including OCT angiography and intraoperative OCT, new therapeutics for retinal vascular disease and AMD, novel immune-based therapies for uveitis, and the latest in instrumentation and techniques for vitreo-retinal surgery.


Includes five new chapters covering Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Imaging Analysis, Pachychoroid Disease and Its Association with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, Retinal Manifestations of Neurodegeneration, Microbiome and Retinal Disease, and OCT-Angiography.


Includes more than 50 video clips (35 new to this edition) highlighting the latest surgical techniques, imaging guidance, and coverage of complications of vitreoretinal surgery. New videos cover Scleral Inlay for Recurrent Optic Nerve Pit Masculopathy, Trauma with Contact Lens, Recurrent Retinal Detachment due to PVR, Asteroid Hyalosis, and many more.


Contains more than 2,000 high-quality images (700 new to this edition) including anatomical illustrations, clinical and surgical photographs, diagnostic imaging, decision trees, and graphs.


Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

1. Contents
2. Video Table of Contents, x
3. Contributors, xii
4. Video Contributors, xxvii
5. Dedication, xxix
6. Preface, xxx
7. VOLUME 1
8. PART 1
9. Retinal Imaging and Diagnostics
10. Edited by David Sarraf and K. Bailey Freund
11. 1. Fluorescein Angiography: Basic Principles and
12. Interpretation, 1
13. Judy J. Chen, Michelle Peng, Sara Haug, Arthur D. Fu,
14. Robert N. Johnson, Anita Agarwal, J. Michael Jumper,
15. Emmett T. Cunningham Jr., H. Richard McDonald
16. 2. Clinical Applications of Diagnostic Indocyanine
17. Green Angiography, 44
18. Giovanni Staurenghi, Mariano Cozzi, Marco Pellegrini,
19. Chiara Preziosa, Alessandro Invernizzi
20. 3. Optical Coherence Tomography, 77
21. Nadia K. Waheed, Karen Jeng-Miller, Jay S. Duker
22. 4. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
23. (OCTA), 115
24. Kirk K. Hou, Adrian Au, Giulia Corradetti, SriniVas R. Sadda,
25. David Sarraf
26. 5. Autofluorescence Imaging, 145
27. Monika Fleckenstein, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg,
28. Frank G. Holz
29. 6. Widefield Imaging, 170
30. Michael A. Klufas, Szilárd Kiss
31. 7. Advanced Imaging Technologies, 203
32. SriniVas R. Sadda, Pearse A. Keane, Joseph Carroll
33. 8. Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Imaging
34. Analysis, 223
35. Yue Wu, Aaron Y. Lee
36. 9. Clinical Electrophysiology, 260
37. Stephen H. Tsang, Graham E. Holder
38. 10. Diagnostic Ophthalmic Ultrasound, 291
39. Yale L. Fisher, Ronald H. Silverman, Gerardo Ledesma-Gil,
40. Michael Engelbert
41. 11. Color Vision and Night Vision, 312
42. Dingcai Cao
43. 12. Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity, 327
44. Gary S. Rubin, Hannah M.P. Dunbar
45. 13. Visual Fields in Retinal Disease, 335
46. Sana Idrees, Amit A. Sangave, Rajeev S. Ramchandran
47. PART 2
48. Basic Science and Translation to Therapy
49. Edited by David R. Hinton
50. SECTION 1 Anatomy and Physiology
51. 14. The Development of the Retina, 364
52. Thomas A. Reh, Kiara C. Eldred, Akshayalakshmi Sridhar
53. 15. Function and Anatomy of the Mammalian
54. Retina, 378
55. Ronald G. Gregg, Joshua Singer, Maarten Kamermans,
56. Maureen A. McCall, Stephen C. Massey
57. 16. Structure and Function of Rod and Cone
58. Photoreceptors, 421
59. Jeannie Chen, Alapakkam P. Sampath
60. 17. Cell Biology of the Retinal Pigment
61. Epithelium, 443
62. James T. Handa
63. 18. Glial Cells of the Fovea, 458
64. Andreas Bringmann, Peter Wiedemann
65. 19. Retinal and Choroidal Vasculature: Retinal
66. Oxygenation, 476
67. Maria B. Grant, Gerard A. Lutty
68. 20. Mechanisms of Normal Retinal Adhesion, 493
69. Michael F. Marmor
70. 21. Structure, Function, and Pathology of Bruch’s
71. Membrane, 512
72. Christine A. Curcio, Mark Johnson
73. 22. Vitreous and Vitreoretinal Interface, 534
74. J. Sebag
75. SECTION 2 Basic Mechanisms of Injury in the
76. Retina
77. 23. Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Retinal
78. Injury, 572
79. Milam A. Brantley Jr., Allison C. Umfress, Paul Sternberg Jr.
80. 24. Mechanisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
81. in Retinal Disease, 586
82. Sylvia B. Smith
83. 25. Cell Death, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in
84. Retinal Injury, 597
85. Michael E. Boulton, Carolina Francelin
86. v
87. vi Contents
88. 26. Inflammation and Immune Responses
89. in Retinal Health and Disease, 617
90. Andrew D. Dick, Richard W. Lee, Rachel R. Caspi
91. 27. Basic Mechanisms of Pathologic Retinal and
92. Choroidal Angiogenesis, 631
93. Takashi Ueta, Demetrios G. Vavvas, Joan W. Miller
94. 28. Blood–Retinal Barrier, Immune Privilege, and
95. Autoimmunity, 648
96. Gayathri Tummala, Kathryn L. Pepple
97. 29. Mechanisms of Diabetic Macular Edema and
98. Therapeutic Approaches, 659
99. Alan W. Stitt, Noemi Lois, Antonia M. Joussen
100. 30. Cellular Effects of Detachment and
101. Reattachment on the Neural Retina and the
102. Retinal Pigment Epithelium, 681
103. Louisa Wickham, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Steven K. Fisher,
104. David G. Charteris
105. 31. Retinal Manifestations of Neurodegeneration:
106. A Focus on Alzheimer Disease, 696
107. Amir H. Kashani, Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui, Alfredo A. Sadun
108. SECTION 3 Genetics
109. 32. Genetic Mechanisms of Retinal Disease, 709
110. Kinga M. Bujakowska, Jason Comander, Ayellet V. Segrè
111. 33. Mitochondrial Genetics of Retinal Disease, 722
112. M. Cristina Kenney, Deborah A. Ferrington, Sonali Nashine,
113. Nitin Udar
114. 34. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Retinal Disease, 735
115. Shikun He, Renu Kowluru
116. 35. Microbiome and Retinal Disease, 745
117. Allen Taylor, Sheldon Rowan, Yuilyn A. Chang Chusan
118. SECTION 4 Translational Basic Science
119. 36. Gene Therapy for Retinal Disease, 752
120. Jean Bennett, Albert M. Maguire
121. 37. Stem Cells and Cellular Therapy for Retinal
122. Degenerative Diseases, 779
123. M. Valeria Canto-Soler, Teisha J. Rowland, Tea Soon Park,
124. Dennis O. Clegg, Kapil Bharti
125. 38. Nanomedicine in Ophthalmology, 796
126. Marco A. Zarbin, Mario D. Toro, James F. Leary,
127. Carlo Montemagno, Robert Ritch, Mark S. Humayun
128. 39. Neuroprotection, 825
129. Benedetto Falsini, Enrica Strettoi, Paul A. Sieving
130. 40. Drug Delivery, 849
131. Erin B. Lavik, Mark S. Humayun
132. 41. Retinal Laser Therapy: Biophysical Basis
133. and Applications, 863
134. Daniel Palanker, Mark S. Blumenkranz
135. VOLUME 2
136. Medical Retina
137. Edited by Andrew P. Schachat, David Sarraf, and K. Bailey Freund
138. SECTION 1 Retinal Degenerations and
139. Dystrophies
140. 42. Macular Dystrophies, 879
141. Ian C. Han, Robert F. Mullins, Edwin M. Stone, Elliott H. Sohn
142. 43. Retinitis Pigmentosa and Allied Disorders, 926
143. Mark E. Pennesi, Paul Yang, Kevin Gregory-Evans
144. 44. Abnormalities of Rod and Cone Function, 1005
145. Anthony G. Robson, Anthony T. Moore, Jacque L. Duncan
146. 45. Hereditary Vitreoretinal Degenerations, 1019
147. Xiaoyan Ding, Yan Luo, Shibo Tang
148. 46. Hereditary Choroidal Dystrophies, 1043
149. Sandeep Grover, Gerald A. Fishman
150. SECTION 2 Retinal Vascular Disease
151. 47. Diabetic Retinopathy: Etiologic Mechanisms
152. and Genetics, 1053
153. Jennifer K. Sun, Mohamed Ashraf, Lloyd Paul Aiello
154. 48. Diabetes Mellitus, 1071
155. Mario Skugor
156. 49. Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
157. and Diabetic Macular Edema, 1077
158. Henry E. Wiley, Emily Y. Chew, Frederick L. Ferris III
159. 50. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, 1106
160. Jennifer K. Sun, Mohamed Ashraf, Paolo S. Silva, Lloyd Paul Aiello
161. 51. Telescreening for Diabetic Retinopathy, 1137
162. Rajiv Raman, Tarun Sharma
163. 52. Hypertension, 1146
164. Carol Y. Cheung, Tien Yin Wong
165. 53. Retinal Artery and Capillary Occlusions, 1155
166. Purnima S. Patel, SriniVas R. Sadda, David Sarraf
167. 54. Acquired Retinal Macroaneurysms, 1172
168. Emily Y. Chew
169. 55. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion, 1177
170. Sruthi Arepalli, Angela Bessette, Peter K. Kaiser
171. 56. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion, 1189
172. Patrick Oellers, Paul Hahn, Michael S. Ip, Sharon Fekrat
173. 57. Macular Telangiectasia Type 2, 1205
174. Emily Y. Chew, Richard F. Spaide
175. 58. Coats Disease, 1218
176. Nikolas J.S. London, Carol L. Shields, Julia A. Haller
177. 59. Hemoglobinopathies, 1233
178. Ishrat Ahmed, Adrienne W. Scott, Morton F. Goldberg,
179. Gerard A. Lutty
180. 60. Radiation Retinopathy, 1250
181. Julie De Zaeytijd, Leigh Spielberg, Anita Leys
182. Contents vii
183. 61. Ocular Ischemic Syndrome, 1260
184. Gary C. Brown, Sanjay Sharma, Melissa M. Brown
185. 62. Systemic Coagulopathy Syndromes, 1277
186. Sandra Liakopoulos, Florian M.A. Heussen, SriniVas R. Sadda,
187. David Sarraf
188. 63. Pediatric Retinal Vascular Diseases, 1283
189. Aaron Nagiel, Thomas C. Lee, Michael F. Chiang
190. SECTION 3 Choroidal Vascular/Bruch’s
191. Membrane Disease
192. 64. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Age-Related
193. Macular Degeneration, 1307
194. Johanna M. Seddon, Lucia Sobrin, Samaneh Davoudi
195. 65. Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular
196. Degeneration, 1325
197. Christine A. Curcio, Richard F. Spaide
198. 66. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Non-
199. Neovascular Early AMD, Intermediate AMD,
200. and Geographic Atrophy, 1343
201. Voraporn Chaikitmongkol, Susan B. Bressler, Neil M. Bressler
202. 67. Neovascular Age-Related Macular
203. Degeneration, 1405
204. Enrico Borrelli, Eric H. Souied, Giuseppe Querques
205. 68. Pharmacotherapy of Age-Related Macular
206. Degeneration, 1426
207. Greg Budoff, Loh-Shan B. Leung, Peter K. Kaiser, Pravin Dugel,
208. Brian Toy, Mark S. Blumenkranz, Marco A. Zarbin
209. 69. Pathologic Myopia, 1473
210. Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, Tatsuro Ishibashi
211. 70. Angioid Streaks, 1493
212. Linda A. Lam
213. 71. Ocular Histoplasmosis, 1503
214. Justis P. Ehlers, Andrew P. Schachat
215. 72. Pachychoroid Disease and Its Association With
216. Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, 1515
217. Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung, Won Ki Lee, Xiaoxin Li,
218. K. Bailey Freund
219. 73. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, 1530
220. Dennis Shun Chiu Lam, Camiel Jan Fons Boon, Nishant Vijay
221. Radke, Elon Hendrik Cornelis van Dijk
222. 74. Uveal Effusion Syndrome and Hypotony
223. Maculopathy, 1555
224. Cagri G. Besirli, Mark W. Johnson
225. SECTION 4 Inflammatory Disease/Uveitis
226. Inflammation
227. 75. Sympathetic Ophthalmia, 1568
228. Daniel Vítor Vasconcelos-Santos, Narsing A. Rao
229. 76. Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease, 1577
230. Hiroshi Goto, P. Kumar Rao, Narsing A. Rao
231. 77. White Spot Syndromes and Related
232. Diseases, 1590
233. Rukhsana G. Mirza, Lee M. Jampol
234. 78. Autoimmune Retinopathies, 1642
235. Hwei Wuen Chan, Omar A. Mahroo, Anthony G. Robson,
236. Adnan Tufail, Alan C. Bird, Jose S. Pulido
237. 79. Sarcoidosis, 1657
238. Aniruddha Agarwal, Yasir Jamal Sepah, Douglas A. Jabs,
239. Quan Dong Nguyen
240. 80. Intermediate Uveitis, 1672
241. Phoebe Lin, Glenn J. Jaffe
242. 81. Rheumatic Disease, 1684
243. Robert J. Barry, Alastair K. Denniston, Benjamin Rhodes, Mary
244. Gayed, David Carruthers, Caroline Gordon, Philip I. Murray
245. Infections
246. 82. HIV-Associated Infections, 1713
247. Igor Kozak, J. Allen McCutchan, Doran Spencer,
248. William R. Freeman
249. 83. Mycobacterial Infections, 1744
250. SR Rathinam, Perumalsamy Namperumalsamy
251. 84. Eales Disease, 1754
252. Dhananjay Shukla, Perumalsamy Namperumalsamy
253. 85. Spirochetal Infections, 1762
254. Julie H. Tsai, Narsing A. Rao
255. 86. Ocular Toxoplasmosis, 1771
256. Rubens Belfort Jr, Heloisa Nascimento, Cristina Muccioli
257. 87. Helminthic Disease, 1776
258. Marcos Ávila, David L.C. Isaac
259. 88. Endogenous Endophthalmitis: Bacterial
260. and Fungal, 1792
261. Ajay E. Kuriyan, Stephen G. Schwartz, Janet L. Davis,
262. Harry W. Flynn Jr.
263. 89. Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, 1802
264. Sumit Sharma, Sunil K. Srivastava
265. 90. Drug Toxicity of the Posterior Segment, 1812
266. Ivy Zhu, Michael T. Andreoli, Robert A. Mittra, William F. Mieler
267. 91. Photic Retinal Injuries: Mechanisms, Hazards,
268. and Prevention, 1852
269. Martin A. Mainster, Radwan S. Ajlan
270. 92. Traumatic Chorioretinopathies, 1869
271. Dean Eliott, Thanos D. Papakostas
272. 93. Retinal and Choroidal Disorders in Pregnancy
273. (Pregnancy-Related Diseases), 1884
274. Sidney A. Schechet, Janet S. Sunness
275. 94. Optic Disc Anomalies, Drusen, Pits,
276. Hypoplasia, and Associated Retinal
277. Pathology, 1900
278. Rustum Karanjia, Alfredo A. Sadun
279. 95. Retina-Related Clinical Trials: A Resource
280. Bibliography, 1913
281. Barbara S. Hawkins, Jay Chhablani
282. viii Contents
283. VOLUME 3
284. PART 1
285. Surgical Retina
286. Edited by C.P. Wilkinson and Peter Wiedemann
287. SECTION 1 The Pathophysiology of Retinal
288. Detachment and Associated Problems
289. 96. Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Retinal
290. Detachment, 1941
291. Sebastian Wolf, Martin Zinkernagel
292. 97. Nonrhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment, 1948
293. Po-Ting Yeh, Chung-May Yang, Chang-Hao Yang, Chang-Ping Lin
294. 98. Degenerative Retinoschisis, 1971
295. David Reed, Sunir J. Garg
296. 99. Pathogenesis of Proliferative
297. Vitreoretinopathy, 1978
298. Peter Wiedemann, Yanors Yandiev, Siegfried Priglinger,
299. Yan-Nian Hui
300. 100. Pathophysiology of Ocular Trauma, 1990
301. Sun Young Lee, Leo A. Kim, Ajay E. Kuriyan
302. SECTION 2 Retinal Reattachment: General
303. Surgical Principles and Techniques
304. 101. The Biomechanics of Scleral Buckles in the
305. Treatment of Retinal Detachment, 2000
306. John T. Thompson
307. 102. Techniques of Scleral Buckling, 2013
308. Paul Sullivan, Robert H. Henderson
309. 103. Principles and Techniques of Vitreoretinal
310. Surgery, 2040
311. Steve Charles
312. 104. Intraoperative OCT Imaging, 2057
313. Justis P. Ehlers, Cynthia A. Toth
314. 105. Primary Vitrectomy in Rhegmatogenous
315. Retinal Detachment, 2066
316. Young Hee Yoon, Shwu-Jiuan Sheu, Hiroko Terasaki
317. 106. Pneumatic Retinopexy, 2076
318. Daniel A. Brinton, Jesse J. Jung
319. 107. Special Adjuncts to Treatment, 2092
320. Keijiro Ishikawa, Toshio Hisatomi, Taiji Sakamoto
321. 108. Optimal Procedures for Retinal Detachment
322. Repair, 2143
323. Louisa Wickham, G. William Aylward
324. 109. Prevention of Retinal Detachment, 2154
325. C.P. Wilkinson
326. SECTION 3 Complicated Forms of Retinal
327. Detachment
328. 110. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy, 2168
329. Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam, Vignesh Raja, Manish Nagpal
330. 111. Retinotomies and Retinectomies, 2192
331. Gary W. Abrams, Xihui Lin, Enrique Garcia-Valenzuela,
332. Sumit K. Nanda
333. 112. Giant Retinal Tear, 2216
334. Lingam Gopal, Tarun Sharma, Pramod S. Bhende, Muna Bhende
335. 113. Surgery for Ocular Trauma: Principles and
336. Techniques of Treatment, 2226
337. Shriji Patel, Stephen J. Kim, Paul Sternberg Jr.
338. 114. Surgery for Proliferative Diabetic
339. Retinopathy, 2253
340. Simon Brunner, Susanne Binder
341. 115. Management of Combined Inflammatory and
342. Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment, 2279
343. Marc D. de Smet, Mohamad El Wardani
344. 116. High Myopia and the Vitreoretinal
345. Complications, 2291
346. Yasushi Ikuno, Masahito Ohji
347. 117. Surgical Management of Retinopathy
348. of Prematurity, 2301
349. Matthew R. Starr, Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Lisa J. Faia,
350. Michael T. Trese
351. 118. Surgery for Pediatric Vitreoretinal
352. Disorders, 2317
353. Petra Meier, Peter Wiedemann
354. SECTION 4 Vitreous Surgery for Macular
355. Disorders
356. 119. Epiretinal Membranes, Vitreoretinal Traction,
357. Cystoid Macular Edema, and Submacular
358. Hemorrhage, 2341
359. Louisa Wickham, Lazaros Konstantinidis, Daniel S.W. Ting,
360. Thomas J. Wolfensberger
361. 120. Macular Hole, 2361
362. Alain Gaudric, Ramin Tadayoni
363. 121. Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Choroid
364. Translocation in Patients With Age-Related
365. Macular Degeneration, 2383
366. Jan C. van Meurs, Grazia Pertile, Robert E. MacLaren
367. SECTION 5 Vitreous Surgery: Additional
368. Considerations
369. 122. Infectious Endophthalmitis, 2397
370. J. Niklas Ulrich, Roshan T. George, Nathaniel C. Warner,
371. Travis A. Meredith
372. 123. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Vitrectomy
373. for Uveitis, 2421
374. Hyeong Gon Yu, Un Chul Park
375. 124. Vitreous, Retinal, and Choroidal Biopsy, 2431
376. Diana V. Do, Quan Dong Nguyen
377. 125. Transplantation Frontiers, 2443
378. Vamsi K. Gullapalli, Ilene K. Sugino, Marco A. Zarbin
379. 126. Artificial Vision, 2480
380. Lan Yue, Young Hee Yoon, Mark S. Humayun
381. 127. Pharmacology During Surgery, 2499
382. Christos Haritoglou, Anselm Kampik
383. 128. Complications and Challenges in Vitreoretinal
384. Surgery, 2509
385. Kourous A. Rezaei
386. Contents ix
387. PART 2
388. Tumors of the Retina, Choroid, and Vitreous
389. Edited by Andrew P. Schachat
390. SECTION 1 Tumors of the Retina
391. 129. Retinoblastoma, 2517
392. Jonathan W. Kim, Jesse L. Berry, A. Linn Murphree
393. 130. Cavernous Hemangioma, 2557
394. Anita Agarwal, Paul Sternberg Jr.
395. 131. Hemangioblastoma of the Retina and von
396. Hippel–Lindau Disease, 2564
397. Henry E. Wiley, Emily Y. Chew
398. 132. Tuberous Sclerosis and the Eye, 2577
399. Alan F. Cruess, Sanjay Sharma
400. 133. Phakomatoses, 2585
401. Carol L. Shields, Jerry A. Shields
402. 134. Retinal Metastases, 2600
403. Arthi Venkat, Sunil K. Srivastava
404. 135. Remote Effects of Cancer: Paraneoplastic
405. Autoimmune Retinopathies, 2615
406. Vishal Raval, Arun D. Singh
407. 136. Optic Disc Melanocytoma, 2627
408. Carol L. Shields, Leonard Joffe, Jerry A. Shields
409. 137. Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment
410. Epithelium, 2633
411. Carsten H. Meyer, Eduardo B. Rodrigues
412. 138. Combined Hamartoma of the Retinal Pigment
413. Epithelium and Retina, 2639
414. Polly A. Quiram, Antonio Capone Jr.
415. SECTION 2 Tumors of the Choroid
416. 139. Choroidal Nevi, 2646
417. Hillary C. Stiefel, Daniel M. Albert
418. 140. Epidemiology of Posterior Uveal
419. Melanoma, 2660
420. Tara A. McCannel
421. 141. Prognosis of Posterior Uveal Melanoma, 2668
422. Martine J. Jager, Mette M. Bagger, Jens F. Kiilgaard,
423. Johanna M. Seddon
424. 142. Molecular Genetics of Choroidal
425. Melanoma, 2683
426. Emine Kiliç, Marc-Henri Stern
427. 143. Pathology of Choroidal Melanoma, 2691
428. Martina C. Herwig-Carl, Hans E. Grossniklaus
429. 144. Overview of Management of Posterior Uveal
430. Melanoma, 2708
431. Carol L. Shields, Jerry A. Shields
432. 145. Enucleation for Choroidal Melanomas, 2715
433. Julian D. Perry, Arun D. Singh, Brian Chon
434. 146. Brachytherapy for Choroidal Melanoma, 2720
435. Elaine M. Binkley, Timothy G. Murray, Arnold M. Markoe,
436. H. Culver Boldt
437. 147. Charged-Particle Irradiation of Uveal
438. Melanoma, 2736
439. Evangelos S. Gragoudas, Anne Marie Lane, Ivana K. Kim
440. 148. Surgical Resection of Choroidal
441. Melanoma, 2746
442. Bertil E. Damato, Armin R. Afshar, Carl Groenewald,
443. Heinrich Heimann
444. 149. Laser Treatment of Choroidal Melanoma, 2756
445. Nakul Singh, Sari Yordi, Arun D. Singh
446. 150. Systemic Evaluation and Management of
447. Patients With Metastatic Uveal Melanoma, 2766
448. Anna C. Pavlick, Paul T. Finger
449. 151. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study, 2771
450. Barbara S. Hawkins, Andrew P. Schachat
451. 152. Choroidal Metastases, 2779
452. Jasmine H. Francis
453. 153. Choroidal Osteoma, 2785
454. Carol L. Shields, Gary C. Brown, Jerry A. Shields
455. 154. Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma, 2795
456. Ramsudha Narala, Shelley Day Ghafoori, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
457. SECTION 3 Hematologic and Miscellaneous
458. Tumors
459. 155. Miscellaneous Uveal Tumors, 2813
460. Alison H. Skalet
461. 156. Leukemias and Lymphomas, 2822
462. Diana V. Do, Ranjit S. Dhaliwal, Sarah E. Coupland,
463. Andrew P. Schachat
464. 157. Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma, 2839
465. Mary E. Aronow, David M. Peereboom, Arun D. Singh
466. Index, I-1